1.Difference
between C# 3.5 and C# 4.0
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S.NoC# 3.5C# 4.01C# 3.5 does not support dynamic programming.C# 4.0 supports dynamic programming through dynamic objects.2The dynamic keyword is not recognized in C# 3.5.In C# 4.0, dynamic keyword is associated with objects to represent them as dynamic objects.3
Dynamic variables cannot be created in C# 3.5. C# 4.0 allows creation of dynamic variables.4In C# 3.5, method parameters cannot be specified with default values. C# 3.5 does not support optional parameters.In C# 4.0, the method parameters can be specified with default values using optional parameters.5In C# 3.5, method parameters have to be specified in the same order as in method declaration in the method call. C# 3.5 does not provide named parameters.C# 4.0 provides named parameters to represent the values of method parameters without following the order of declaration.6In C# 3.5, usage of ref keyword is mandatory while executing methods which are supplied by the COM interfaces.In C# 4.0, usage of ref keyword is optional while executing methods which are supplied by the COM interfaces.7The COM object’s indexed properties are not recognized in C# 3.5.The COM object’s indexed properties are recognized in C# 4.0.8Co-variance and contra-variance are not supported in Generics of C# 3.5.C# 4.0 enhances Generics by introducing co-variance and contra-variance.
2.Difference
between C# and VB.NET
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S.NoC#VB.NET1In C#, variables are declared using declarators.In VB.NET, the variables are declared using keywords such as private, protected, friend, public, static, shared and Dim.2In C#, an object can only be created using new.In VB.NET, an object can be created using new and CreateObject().3
In C#, void is specified as the return type when a method does not return a value. In VB.NET, Sub is used in method declaration to indicate that the method does not return any value.4In C#, no keyword is required to indicate an overloaded method.In VB.NET, Overloads keyword is used to indicate an overloaded method.5The current object is referred using this pointer in C#.The current object is referred as me in VB.NET.6Non virtual call cannot be made in C#.To make a non-virtual call to the current object’s virtual method, MyClass is used in VB.NET.7Compound data type is declared in C# using class, struct and interface.Compound data type is declared in VB.NET using Structure.8In C#, constructors are used to initialize an object.In VB.NET, Sub New() is used to initialize the newly created object.9Object cleanup can be explicitly done by destructor in C#.Object cleanup can be done by using Finalize method in VB.NET.10In C#, an object is subject to asynchronous modification using volatile keyword.In VB.NET, an object cannot be modified in an asynchronous way.11In C#, all the variables have to be declared before being used.In VB.NET, variables can be forced for explicit declaration using Option Explicit.12In C#, default property is defined by using indexers.In VB.NET, default property is defined using Default.13In C#, base class can be referred using the keyword ‘base’.In VB.NET, base class can be referred using the keyword ‘MyBase’.14Abstract class of C# can only be inherited and not instantiated.MustInherit keyword of VB.NET is used to denote that a class can only be inherited and not instantiated.15Sealed keyword of C# is used to denote that a class cannot be inherited.NotInheritable keyword of VB.NET denotes that the class cannot involve in inheritance.16Division can be performed in C# using / operator.Division can be performed in VB.NET using \ operator.17Remainder of division can be retrieved using mod operator of C#.Remainder of division can be retrieved using %.18C# does not have exponentiation operator.In VB.NET, exponentiation can be performed using ^ operator.19C# has Bitwise operators namely &,| and ^.Bitwise operators in VB.NET are And, Or, Xor.20Object reference variables can be compared using == operator in C#.Object reference variables can be compared using Is operator in VB.NET.21The short ciruit operators in C# are && (Boolean AND) and || (Boolean OR).The short circuit operators in VB.NET are AndAlso (Boolean AND) and OrElse (Boolean OR).
3.Difference
between C# and C++
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S.NoC#C++1C# is a high level language that is component oriented.C++ is a low level and indeed platform neutral programming language.2When compiled, C# code is converted into Intermediate language code. This intermediate language code is converted into executable code through the process called Just-In-Time compilation.When compiled, C++ code is converted into assembly language code.3In C#, memory management is automatically handled by garbage collector.In C++, the memory that is allocated in the heap dynamically has to be explicitly deleted.4In C# Switch Statement, the test variable can be a string.In C++ Switch Statement, the test variable cannot be a string.5In C# switch statement, when break statement is not given, the fall through will not happen to the next case statement if the current case statement has any code.In C++ switch statement, when break statement is not given, the fall through will happen to the next case statement even if the current case statement has any code.6In addition to for, while and do..while, C# has another flow control statement called for each.C++ does not contain for each statement.7C# struts can contain only value types. The struts is sealed and it cannot have a default no-argument constructor.C++ struts behave like classes except that the default access is public instead of private.8In C#, delegates, events and properties can also be specified as class members.In C++, only variables, constructors, functions, operator overloads and destructors can be class members. Delegates, events and properties cannot be specified as class members.9In C#, the end of the class definition has a closing brace alone.In C++, the end of the class definition has a closing brace followed by a semicolon.10The access modifiers in C# are public, private, protected, internal and protected internal.The access modifiers in C++ are public, private, protected. C++ does not have internal and protected internal access modifiers.11C# has finally block in exception handling mechanism. The code statements in the finally block will be executed once irrespective of exception occurrence.C++ does not have finally block in exception handling mechanism.12The exception in C# can only throw a class that is derived from the System.Exception class.The exception in C++ can throw any class.13C# does not have the concept of function pointers. C# has a similar concept called Delegates.C++ has the concept of function pointers.
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